🌍 English Origins #31
Chinese (Hokkien) / Malay
ketchup
/ˈkɛtʃʌp/
케첩
From the Chinese Hokkien word kê-tsiap ("fish brine") — it traveled through Southeast Asia and was reinvented in Britain as a tomato sauce.
✍️ ONGO · 2026-06-06 · 5 min read
01

Origin Story

Era
Southern China and the Southeast Asian trade routes, 17th century

Say "ketchup" today and everyone pictures a red tomato sauce. Yet ketchup's beginnings had nothing to do with tomatoes at all. In the Fujian region of southern China there was a fermented brine made by salting fish, known in the local dialect as kê-tsiap — much like the liquid from Korean salted seafood. This condiment spread along the Southeast Asian trade routes to the Malay Peninsula, and in the 17th century British merchants brought the taste home. In Britain, people made a similar sauce using mushrooms or walnuts instead of fish, calling it catchup or ketchup. Tomatoes did not enter the picture until the 19th century, in America.

Ketchup became firmly identified with tomato sauce in America largely thanks to Henry Heinz, who commercialized tomato ketchup in 1876. Until then, ketchup came in many varieties — mushroom ketchup, oyster ketchup, and more.

📚 Sources
  • Online Etymology Dictionary
    ketchup (n.): 1711, from Malay (Austronesian) kichap, from Chinese (Amoy dialect) koechiap "brine of fish"
  • Merriam-Webster Dictionary
    ketchup: probably from Malay kecap fish sauce, modification of Chinese (Amoy dialect) ke-tsiap
  • Oxford English Dictionary
    ketchup: originally a sauce from the East Indies, of uncertain ultimate origin, perhaps from Chinese dialect
02

Word Evolution

1
17th-century Chinese dialect
kê-tsiap
fermented brine of salted fish
2
18th-century Britain
catchup / ketchup
a savory sauce made from mushrooms or walnuts
3
Modern English
ketchup
a sauce made from tomatoes
03

Words from the Same Root

soy
Soy sauce is likewise an East Asian fermented condiment whose name passed into Europe.
sauce
From Latin sal ("salt") — and ketchup, too, was originally a salty pickling sauce.
relish
A condiment meant to whet the appetite — the same family as ketchup.
04

Memory Hook

Remember that ketchup was originally "fish brine." The red tomato was the very last guest to arrive.

""The roots of the most American of sauces lie in a jar of fish brine in some Chinese harbor.""

Next Word
cappuccino
카푸치노
Read →