In 1796, the English physician Edward Jenner noticed that milkmaids who had caught cowpox seemed immune to the far deadlier smallpox. Jenner inoculated an eight-year-old boy, James Phipps, with pus from a cowpox sore and then exposed him to smallpox — and the boy never fell ill. It was the world's first scientific vaccination. Jenner named the procedure after the Latin word vacca ("cow"), calling it vaccination. France's Louis Pasteur later broadened the term to cover all preventive inoculations, in tribute to Jenner. In 1980, the WHO declared smallpox completely eradicated — the first disease in human history to be utterly conquered.