100 Essential Hanja for Korean Idioms

Know these characters and you can guess the meaning of most Korean idioms.

People & Relationships 10 chars

person
son, person
woman
father
mother
friend
ruler, lord
subject, minister
teacher
king

Nature & Animals 15 chars

heaven, sky
earth, ground
mountain
water
fire
wind
cloud
stone
tree, wood
flower
horse
cow
bird
fish
dragon

Numbers & Directions 13 chars

one
two
three
four
five
ten
hundred
thousand
ten thousand
east
西
west
south
north

Heart & Emotions 10 chars

heart, mind
feeling, emotion
love
loyalty
filial piety
trust, faith
righteousness
virtue
will, ambition
grace, kindness

Actions & States 15 chars

life, born
death
go, act
know
see
hear
speak, word
think
seek
gain, obtain
lose
rise
exhaust, end
come
go away

Qualities & Sizes 17 chars

big
small
long, elder
high
new
old, ancient
good, virtuous
bad, evil
right, correct
bright, clear
bitter, suffering
sweet
fortune, blessing
disaster, misfortune
none, without
not
all, ten thousand

How to Guess Idiom Meanings from Hanja

Example: 苦盡甘來 (Go-jin-gam-rae)

苦(bitter) + 盡(exhaust) + 甘(sweet) + 來(come) = "When bitterness ends, sweetness comes"

Example: 一石二鳥 (Il-seok-i-jo)

一(one) + 石(stone) + 二(two) + 鳥(bird) = "Catching two birds with one stone"

Example: 易地思之 (Yeok-ji-sa-ji)

易(change) + 地(place) + 思(think) + 之(of it) = "Think by switching positions"

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